Guide to References in Puritan Sermons

Fathers of the Church - Ancient Literature

These references appear in the collection of Puritan Sermons called “The Morning Exercise at Cripplegate etc.” and they are sometimes called the “Fathers of the Church,” or “Ancient Literature.”

Athanasius - Athanasius of Alexandria  c. 296–298 – 2 May 373, also called Athanasius the Great, Athanasius the Confessor or, primarily in the Coptic Orthodox Church, Athanasius the Apostolic, was the 20th bishop of Alexandria (as Athanasius I). Wikipedia.

Augustini - Augustine of Hippo; Confessions; “et De Civitate Dei”="From The City of God"; The City of God Against the Pagans (Latin: De civitate Dei contra paganos), a book of Christian philosophy. Sometimes called “Austin.” Wikipedia.

Basilius – St. Basil - Basil of Caesarea, also called Saint Basil the Great; 329 or 330[8] – January 1 or 2, 379), was the bishop of Caesarea Mazaca in Cappadocia, Asia Minor (modern-day Turkey). He was an influential theologian who supported the Nicene Creed and opposed the heresies of the early Christian church, fighting against both Arianism and the followers of Apollinaris of Laodicea. “Regulis Brevioribus”=”Shorter [Monastic] Rules”. Wikipedia. 

Bernardus – Bernard of Clairvaux, O.Cist (Latin: Bernardus Claraevallensis; 1090 – 20 August 1153) was a French abbot and a major leader in the reform of Benedictine monasticism that caused the formation of the Cistercian order. Wikipedia.

Beza - Theodore Beza (Latin: Theodorus Beza; French: Théodore de Bèze or de Besze; June 24, 1519 – October 13, 1605) was a French Reformed Protestant theologian, reformer and scholar who played an important role in the Reformation. Wikipedia.

Boethium -  Boethius; The Consolation of Philosophy (Latin: De consolatione philosophiae); The Consolatio thus was a key text in the shaping of medieval thought. Wikipedia.

Calvinus – Calvinus as the Latin form of John Calvin; French: Jean Calvin; born Jehan Cauvin; 10 July 1509 – 27 May 1564) was a French theologian, pastor and reformer in Geneva during the Protestant Reformation. Wikipedia.

Peter Chrysologus (Petros Chrysologos meaning Peter the "golden-worded") (c. 380 – c. 450) was Bishop of Ravenna from about 433 until his death. He is known as the “Doctor of Homilies” for the concise but theologically rich reflections he delivered during his time as the Bishop of Ravenna. Wikipedia.

Chrysostomi or Chrysostomus; John Chrysostom; Homil. = Homilies on Philippians; Doctor of the Church, born at Antioch, c. 347; died at Commana in Pontus, 14 September, 407. Wikipedia.

Prudentius - Aurelius Prudentius Clemens - was a Roman Christian poet, born in the Roman province of Tarraconensis (now Northern Spain) in 348. Wikipedia.

Clemens Alexandrinus – Titus Flavius Clemens, also known as Clement of Alexandria  c. 150 – c. 215), was a Christian theologian who taught at the Catechetical School of Alexandria. Wikipedia.

Cornelius Cornelii a Lapide - (né Cornelis Cornelissen van den Steen; 18 December 1567 – 12 March 1637) was a Flemish Jesuit and exegete. He was born at Bocholt, in Belgian Limburg. He studied humanities and philosophy at the Jesuit colleges of Maastricht and Cologne, theology first, for half a year, at the University of Douai, and afterwards for four years at the Old University of Leuven. Wikipedia.

Cyprianus - Cyprian of Carthage; c. 200 – September 14, 258 AD) was bishop of Carthage and a notable Early Christian writer of Berber descent, many of whose Latin works are extant. He was born around the beginning of the 3rd century in North Africa, perhaps at Carthage, where he received a classical education. De Oratione Dominicá = on the Lord’s Prayer. Wikipedia.

Davenantius – John Davenant (1572-1641) was an English academic and bishop of Salisbury from 1621. He also served as one of the British delegates to the Synod of Dort. Wikipedia.

Diodorus Siculus – Greek: Διόδωρος Σικελιώτης Diodoros Sikeliotes) (fl. 1st century BC) or Diodorus of Sicily was a Greek historian. He is known for writing the monumental universal history Bibliotheca historica, much of which survives, between 60 and 30 BC. Wikipedia.

Erasmus – Desiderius Erasmus Roterodamus 28 October 1466 – 12 July 1536; known as Erasmus or Erasmus of Rotterdam, was a Dutch Christian Humanist who was the greatest scholar of the northern Renaissance. Wikipedia.

Estius - Willem Hessels van Est (Latinized as Estius); Exegete, theologian, and hagiographer; b. Gorcum, Holland, 1542; d. Douai, Sept. 20, 1613. (1542 – 20 September 1613) was a Dutch Catholic commentator on the Pauline epistles. Gulielmi Estii. Wikipedia.

Euripides - Ancient Greek: Εὐριπίδης – Eurīpídēs, c. 480 – c. 406 BC) was a tragedian of classical Athens. Along with Aeschylus and Sophocles, he is one of the three ancient Greek tragedians for whom a significant number of plays have survived. Wikipedia.

Paulus Fagius - Paul Fagius (1504 – 13 November 1549) was a Renaissance scholar of Biblical Hebrew and Protestant reformer. Fagius was born at Rheinzabern in 1504. His father was a teacher and council clerk. In 1515 he went to study at the University of Heidelberg and in 1518 was present at the Heidelberg Disputation. Wikipedia.

Gregorius Nazianzenus – Gregory of Nazianzus c. 329 – 25 January 390, also known as Gregory the Theologian or Gregory Nazianzen, was a 4th-century Archbishop of Constantinople, and theologian. Wikipedia.

Grotius – Hugo Grotius 10 April 1583 – 28 August 1645; also known as Huig de Groot or Hugo de Groot, was a Dutch jurist. Along with the earlier works of Francisco de Vitoria and Alberico Gentili, Grotius laid the foundations for international law, based on natural law.  Wikipedia.

Hieronymus – Jerome (/dʒəˈroʊm/; Latin: Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus; c. 27 March 347 – 30 September 420) was a priest, confessor, theologian, and historian. Wikipedia.

Horatii - Quintus Horatius Flaccus (December 8, 65 BC – November 27, 8 BC), known in the English-speaking world as Horace. Horatius Carmina; The Odes (Latin: Carmina) are a collection in four books of Latin lyric poems by Horace. Wikipedia.

Iamblichus (c. AD 245 – c. 325), or Jamblichus, was a Syrian Neoplatonist philosopher of Arab origin. He determined the direction that would later be taken by Neoplatonic philosophy. He was also the biographer of Pythagoras a Greek mystic, philosopher and mathematician. Wikipedia.

Isidorus (born c. 139) was a native ancient Egyptian priest in the 2nd century during the Roman rule in Egypt. He led the native Egyptian revolt against Roman rule during the reign of emperor Marcus Aurelius. Wikipedia.

Decimus Iunius Iuvenalis - known in English as Juvenal (/ˈdʒuːvənəl/), was a Roman poet active in the late first and early second century AD. He is the author of the collection of satirical poems known as the Satires. Wikipedia.

Diogenes Laërtius - Greek: Διογένης Λαέρτιος, Diogenēs Laertios; fl. 3rd century AD) was a biographer of the Greek philosophers. Nothing is definitively known about his life, but his surviving Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers is a principal source for the history of Greek philosophy. Wikipedia.

Pope Saint Leo I (c. 400 – 10 November 461), also known as Saint Leo the Great, (Leo Magnus) was Pope from 29 September 440 and died in 461. Pope Benedict XVI said that Leo's papacy "...was undoubtedly one of the most important in the Church's history." Wikipedia.

Marcus Annaeus Lucanus (November 3, 39 AD – April 30, 65 AD), better known in English as Lucan (/ˈluːkən/), was a Roman poet, born in Corduba (modern-day Córdoba), in Hispania Baetica. Despite his short life, he is regarded as one of the outstanding figures of the Imperial Latin period. His youth and speed of composition set him apart from other poets. Wikipedia.

Metrocles (fl. c. 325 BC) was a Cynic philosopher from Maroneia. He studied in Aristotle’s Lyceum under Theophrastus, and eventually became a follower of Crates of Thebes who married Metrocles’ sister Hipparchia. Very little survives of his writings, but he is important as one of the first Cynics to adopt the practice of writing moral anecdotes (chreiai) about Diogenes and other Cynics. Wikipedia.

Musculas - Latin: Wolfgangum Musculum; Wolfgang Musculus - born "Müslin" or "Mauslein", (10 September 1497 in Dieuze, Lothringen – 30 August 1563 in Bern) was a Reformed theologian of the Reformation. Wikipedia.

Oecumenius – once believed to be a Bishop of Trikka (now Trikala) in Thessaly writing about 990 (according to Cave, Scriptorum eccles. hist. liter. (Basel, 1745), p. 112), was reputed to be the author of several commentaries on books of the New Testament. However, more recently scholars have redated Oecumenius' Commentary on the Apocalypse to the early seventh century, or the late sixth century, and have located Oecumenius as writing in Asia Minor. Wikipedia.

Santes (or Xantes) Pagino (Latin: Xanthus Pagninus) (1470–1541) was a Dominican, and one of the leading philologists and Biblical scholars of his day. Pagnino was born 1470 at Lucca, in Tuscany, central Italy. At sixteen he took the religious habit at San Domenico in Fiesole, where he studied under the direction of Savonarola and other eminent professors. Wikipedia.

Photius – Photios I (Greek: Φώτιος Phōtios), (c. 810/820 – 6 February 893), also spelled Photius or Fotios, was the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople from 858 to 867 and from 877 to 886; He is recognized in the Eastern Orthodox Church as St. Photios the Great. Photius of Constantinople. Wikipedia.

Plato - 428/427 or 424/423[b] – 348/347 BC) was a philosopher in Classical Greece and the founder of the Academy in Athens, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world. He is widely considered the most pivotal figure in the development of philosophy, especially the Western tradition. Wikipedia.

Titus Maccius Plautus - (c. 254 – 184 BC), commonly known as Plautus, was a Roman playwright of the Old Latin period. His comedies are the earliest Latin literary works to have survived in their entirety. Wikipedia.

Plutarchus – Plutarch - Plutarch Greek: Πλούταρχος, Ploútarkhos, Koine Greek: [plǔːtarkʰos]; c. CE 46 – CE 120), later named, upon becoming a Roman citizen, Lucius Mestrius Plutarchus, (Λούκιος Μέστριος Πλούταρχος) was a Greek biographer and essayist, known primarily for his Parallel Lives and Moralia. He is classified as a Middle Platonist. Wikipedia.

Quistorpius - Johann Nicholas Quistorp , also Johann Nicolaus Quistorp (born January 6, 1651 in Rostock , † August 9, 1715 ibid) was an evangelical theologian, pastor, superintendent of Rostock and professor at the University of Rostock. Wikipedia.

Riveti - André Rivet – (Andreas Rivetus) (August 1572 – January 7, 1651) was a French Huguenot theologian. Wikipedia.

Salvainus – Salvian (or Salvianus) was a Christian writer of the 5th century in Gaul (modern France). His birthplace is uncertain. "The De gubernatione"= "On the Government of God". “De Providemtiá Dei”=“God’s Providence.” Wikipedia.

Seneca – Seneca the Younger (c. 4 BC – AD 65), fully Lucius Annaeus Seneca and also known simply as Seneca (/ˈsɛnɪkə/), was a Roman Stoic philosopher, statesman, dramatist, and—in one work—satirist of the Silver Age of Latin literature. “De Tranquillitate Animi”= “On the Tranquility of the Mind”; “et Ad Helviam de Consolatione”= “To Helvia, on Consolation.” Wikipedia.

Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus (commonly known as Suetonius (/swɪˈtoʊniəs/; c. 69 – after 122 AD), was a Roman historian belonging to the equestrian order who wrote during the early Imperial era of the Roman Empire. Wikipedia.

Tertullianus – Tertullian; full name Quintus Septimius Florens Tertullianus, c. 155 – c. 240 AD, was a prolific early Christian author from Carthage in the Roman province of Africa.Of Berber origin, he was the first Christian author to produce an extensive corpus of Latin Christian literature. Wikipedia.

Virgil - Publius Vergilius Maro; traditional dates October 15, 70 BC – September 21, 19 BC), usually called Virgil or Vergil in English, was an ancient Roman poet of the Augustan period. The Aeneid; Latin: Aeneis is a Latin epic poem, written by Virgil between 29 and 19 BC, that tells the legendary story of Aeneas, a Trojan who travelled to Italy, where he became the ancestor of the Romans. Wikipedia.

Zanchius – Girolamo Zanchi (Latin "Hieronymus Zanchius," thus Anglicized to "Jerome Zanchi/Zanchius"; February 2, 1516 – November 19, 1590) was an Italian Protestant Reformation clergyman and educator who influenced the development of Reformed theology during the years following John Calvin's death. Wikipedia.

Source: Wikipedia and other sources.